Potencial energético de los subproductos del café en Centroamérica hacia una bioeconomía circular
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Este estudio estima, por primera vez, la generación y el potencial energético de los subproductos del café en Centroamérica, a partir de datos secundarios sobre flujos de masa del procesamiento húmedo y rendimientos de biocombustibles mediante diversas rutas de valorización. Los resultados indican que el procesamiento del café genera 3.2 millones de toneladas de subproductos, principalmente pulpa y mucílago, que representan más del 60% de la masa inicial de las cerezas de café. Entre las rutas de valorización, la digestión anaeróbica de estos subproductos podría producir hasta 172.6 millones de m³ de metano al año, equivalentes a 1.71 millones de MWh de energía, lo que se traduciría en un ahorro potencial de hasta 140 millones de dólares en combustibles. Estas alternativas permitirían sustituir combustibles fósiles, reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y fortalecer la sostenibilidad del sector cafetalero. No obstante, su implementación requiere superar desafíos técnicos, económicos y de infraestructura, así como promover políticas públicas, inversiones y capacitación que faciliten la adopción de tecnologías de valorización dentro de una estrategia regional de bioeconomía circular.
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