Erasmus, Vitoria and the Faculty of Theology in Paris: Humanism and Scholasticism
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Abstract
The figures of Erasmus (ca.1467-1536) and Francisco de Vitoria (1486-1546) occupy a very important place in Christian Renaissance humanism, both European and Spanish. Both passed through the Faculty of Theology in Paris, at different dates and in long and continuous stays, as in the case of Vitoria (1507-1523) or shorter and discontinuous stays (1495-1532), in the case of Erasmus. First, we present the biographical trajectory of Erasmus in the Dutch monastery of Steyn (1488-1492) where he professed as a religious and acquired a spiritual and humanistic formation that would mark his life. His stay in Paris (1495-1500) to obtain a doctorate in theology did not turn out as he had hoped. He only obtained a bachelor's degree in theology and the doctorate at the University of Turin (1506). The six visits and stays in England and the figures (Colet, More, Fisher) with whom he interacted filled the first fifteen years of the 16th century and he discovered his biblical and theological vocation. In 1516 he published the edition of the New Testament (Greek and Latin text and annotations). He followed this with his Paraphrases to the NT (1517-1524). Both works were the cause of much controversy, especially with Catholic critics. Some of them from the Faculty of Theology in Paris. The year 1527 was a critical year both in Paris and in Spain: French and Spanish theologians examined the errors in his writings. At that time Francisco de Vitoria became part of Erasmus' life and work. We quickly trace Vitoria's career in Paris and his return to Spain to take up the chair of Prima de Teología (1526-1546) at the University of Salamanca. To shed light on this fateful year for Erasmus, we provide three documents that we have edited and translated as an appendix to the article: the letter from Juan Luis Vives to Erasmus, the letter from Erasmus to Vitoria and Vitoria's judgement or vote at the Conference of Valladolid (1527) on the errors in Erasmus' writings. In these texts, the confrontation between Humanism and Scholasticism can be seen.
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